Story Structure — 5 Plot Phases
The Performance Gap
Art Lewis and the insurance department face missing current figures and pressure to match expected company performance. Fabrication begins when actual results fall short.
Key Events
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Missing Business Figures — Art Lewis and colleagues cannot obtain current figures for the upcoming business report. Characters: Art Lewis
Location: Equity Funding insurance department
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Expected Performance Pressure — The insurance department faces pressure to match the company's expected yearly performance. Characters: Art Lewis
Location: Equity Funding insurance department
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Figures Are Fabricated — Art and others devise figures totaling the company's expected performance. Characters: Art Lewis
Location: Equity Funding insurance department
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Performance Falls Short — The company performs below expectations, making the fabricated figures inadequate. Characters: Art Lewis
Location: Equity Funding
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Fake Policies Proposed — Art and others decide to create fake policies to generate the missing figures. Characters: Art Lewis
Location: Equity Funding insurance department
A Temporary Deception
Art and others create fake insurance policies to produce the necessary figures. What begins as a short-term measure becomes necessary for sustaining growth.
Key Events
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Fake Policies Proposed — Art and others decide to create fake policies to generate the missing figures. Characters: Art Lewis
Location: Equity Funding insurance department
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Temporary Measure Begins — The policy fabrication is treated as a short-term measure intended to close the performance gap. Characters: Art Lewis
Location: Equity Funding
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Growth Requires More Policies — Sustaining company growth requires the continual creation of additional policies. Characters: Art Lewis
Location: Equity Funding insurance department
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Art Recruits Al — Art enlists technician Al Green to help expand the fraudulent policy process. Characters: Art Lewis, Al Green
Location: Equity Funding
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Software Plan Developed — Art and Al develop software intended to randomly generate insurance policies. Characters: Art Lewis, Al Green
Location: Computer operation
Automation of Fraud
Art enlists Al Green to develop software that randomly generates policies. The resulting records still require manual completion, expanding the scale of the operation.
Key Events
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Software Plan Developed — Art and Al develop software intended to randomly generate insurance policies. Characters: Art Lewis, Al Green
Location: Computer operation
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Random Policies Generated — The software produces randomly generated policy records for the expanding scheme. Characters: Art Lewis, Al Green
Location: Computer operation
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Manual Details Added — The randomly generated policies require people to fill in their details manually. Characters: Art Lewis, Al Green
Location: Insurance department
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Computer Errors Surface — Computer and human errors begin to expose inconsistencies in the supposed policyholders' records. Characters: Art Lewis, Al Green
Location: Insurance department
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Impossible Medical Claims — Supposed policyholders file claims for medical conditions associated with the opposite sex. Characters: Art Lewis, Al Green
Location: Insurance claims operation
Errors Beneath the Numbers
Computer and human errors produce impossible medical claims and returned bills addressed to unknown people. The growing inconsistencies threaten the credibility of the scheme.
Key Events
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Impossible Medical Claims — Supposed policyholders file claims for medical conditions associated with the opposite sex. Characters: Art Lewis, Al Green
Location: Insurance claims operation
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Returned Bills — Bills are returned because the listed addressees are unknown. Characters: Art Lewis, Al Green
Location: Insurance claims operation
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Auditors Are Deceived — The company succeeds in deceiving individual auditors despite the defective records. Characters: Art Lewis
Location: Equity Funding
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Management Offers Incentives — Management offers Art more stock and higher pay to continue the charade. Characters: Art Lewis
Location: Equity Funding
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Art Stays Involved — The incentives exploit Art's ambition to move up in the company and help prolong the fraud. Characters: Art Lewis
Location: Equity Funding
Collapse and Punishment
Individual auditors are deceived, and management encourages Art to continue through stock and pay incentives. State insurance commissioners eventually intervene, and many key players go to prison.
Key Events
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Art Stays Involved — The incentives exploit Art's ambition to move up in the company and help prolong the fraud. Characters: Art Lewis
Location: Equity Funding
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Commissioners Intervene — State insurance commissioners intervene as the fraudulent insurance operation is exposed. Characters: Art Lewis, Al Green
Location: Insurance regulatory proceedings
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Key Players Prosecuted — The intervention leads to legal consequences for many participants in the scheme. Characters: Art Lewis, Al Green
Location: Legal proceedings
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Prison Sentences Follow — Many of the key players are sent to prison after the insurance fraud collapses. Characters: Art Lewis, Al Green
Location: Prison
The Billion Dollar Bubble is a 1976 film made for the BBC series Horizon and directed by Brian Gibson about the story of the two billion dollar insurance embezzlement scheme involving Equity Funding Corporation of America. The movie stars James Woods in the role of the actuary.